King Richard I arms

Richard I, detail of tomb effigy in the abbey church of Fontevrault-l'Abbaye, Fr.
Giraudon—Art Resource/EB Inc.

Richard I
England's King Richard I, Lion-Hearted (shown here), along with France's King Philip II Augustus, and the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I Barbarossa, led the Third Crusade (1189-1192). Although the crusaders failed to defeat the Muslims, Richard I negotiated a treaty granting Christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem.

The "Leopards of England" as first used by Richard I
Used by: Richard I, John, Henry III, Edward I, and Edward II.